Registration of a company requires a very serious approach, and one of the important points at this stage is the formation of the authorized capital, that is, the minimum amount of property that creditors can be guaranteed to receive in case of bankruptcy of the company.

Formation of authorized capital in 1C 8.3

A contribution to the authorized capital can be cash, securities, or various material assets. The size of the authorized capital must be fixed in the founding documents of the company. On the day of registration, posting Dt75 - Kt80 is made, which makes it possible to reflect the authorized capital in 1C, or rather, its value. In fact, it can be formed later, but the maximum period for this should not exceed 4 months. For the formation of capital using the program 1C 8.3, it is necessary to make postings for depositing funds through the cash desk or current account.

Let's start with the functionality for capital formation, which can be found by going from the main menu to "Operations-Accounting".

Fig.1

Using the "Create" button, we begin to fill out a new document. It indicates the date of formation of capital (as a rule, this is the date of registration of the company) and the organization.

Let's move on to filling out the spreadsheet. We press the "Add" button, the program prompts us to select the founder, legal entity or individual.

Fig.2

Fig.3

Then we press "Conduct" and control the postings using the DtKt button. We got a posting that forms the debt of the founder for the authorized capital to the organization.

Fig.4

Note that the formation document allows you to print a list of founders indicating the following data:

Full name of the founder;
Passport data;
Place of registration;
The size of the share in the capital;
The value of the contribution made;
Payment form.

Fig.5

Capital contributions can be fixed assets. Their initial cost will be the monetary value agreed upon by the founding partners of the firm. To register them as a contribution, the 1C 8.3 program uses the formation document, which was described above.

The receipt and acceptance for accounting of a fixed asset occurs on the basis of the document “Acceptance for accounting of fixed assets”. You can find this document from the menu "Purchases-Receipt (acts, invoices)".

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

The fixed asset received with the help of a contribution must be registered, put into operation, and depreciation must be charged on it.

Reflection wiring:

Dt 75 - Kt 80 formation;
Dt 08.04 - Kt 75.01 reflection of the value of the received fixed asset, made by the founder as a contribution to capital;
Dt 01 - Ct 08.04 Commissioning of the OS facility.

Similarly, the contribution of materials is displayed. First, we draw up the formation document already familiar to us. Next, create "Receipt (acts, invoices)". To do this, go to "Purchases-Receipt (acts, invoices)".

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Now our capital must be deposited. Consider the most common ways - through a current account and cash desk.

In the first case, we go through the main menu to "Bank and cash desk-Bank-Bank statements". Click "+ Admission" and start filling out a new document:

Date – date of receipt of payment;
According to the document - details of the payer's payment order;
Operation type – other receipt;
Payer - founder;
Sum;
Settlement account - in our example 75.01;
Founders;
Accounting account - we have 51;
Our organization;
Bank account.

Fig.14

Fig.15

Another way to make a contribution, which the 1C 8.3 program offers, is in cash through the cash desk. Let's consider this option. From the main menu, go to "Bank and cash desk-Cashier-Cash documents". Create a new document with the "+Receipt" button. Next, fill in the required information:

Number - we choose the date ourselves, and the number will be put down automatically;
Operation type – other income;
Payment amount - installment;
Credit account - in our case - 75.01;
Founder - the person paying the contribution;
Accounting account - in our example 50.01;
The organization is our firm.

Fig.17

In this article, we examined the ways of forming the authorized capital in the 1C 8.3 program, studied the accounting entries associated with this, as well as the contribution from the founders through a current account or cash desk.

1. Regularly create copies of infobases

1C specialists talk about this all the time, everyone knows this rule, but, unfortunately, not everyone observes it. It’s a pity if you remember the obligation to regularly copy the 1C base based on your bitter experience. Believe me, those clients who at least once restored their accounting in case of loss of the database will forever remember how important this rule is.
In what cases can copies of the database help you:
- physical failure of the computer/server;
- virus infection;
- damage to the 1C information base itself;
- "unexpected" data changes in the infobase (if you suddenly find that for some reason the data of past periods has changed, it is possible to restore a copy and compare the information, find the reasons for the discrepancies).

You can create copies in different ways: upload manually (I described in detail how to do this in the article "Creating a copy of the database - what is it for and how to do it") or use special programs for automatic copying. But in this case, it must be remembered that in order to protect the database from viruses and physical damage to the computer, it is necessary to store copies of the database on some other medium, for example, connect an external drive or flash drive, unload the database and turn off the drive. However, it is very inconvenient to act in this way every day, so the best option is to connect the 1C: Cloud archive service. In this case, copies of your database will be created automatically and stored outside your local network - in the cloud. In the event of a breakdown or virus infection, you can restore copies from another computer at any time and start working. If you want to know the details about connecting this service, which is also part of the comprehensive contract for 1C: ITS support, then fill out the application form, we will call you back and tell you everything in detail.

2. Set the date of prohibition of editing
After you have submitted your reports, you must close the editing period to prevent accidental changes to the data. In 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 edition 3.0, for this you need to go to the "Administration" tab and select the "Support and maintenance" item.

Then expand the "Regular operations" item, check the box next to the change prohibition date and click on the "Configure" link.

Specify the date - the last day of the closing period.

3. Close documents with a cross
Get into the good habit of closing documents with a cross if you opened them just to look. Very often, I come across a situation where an accountant forms an SALT, expands it to an account card to find out detailed information, opens the necessary document to view, and then closes it by clicking on the “Post and close” or “OK” button. In this case, the document is reposted, the amounts in the postings may change, the sequence of posting documents is confused. And then, at the close of the next month, a surprise awaits the accountant - the program in September “wants” to re-transmit all documents from January or even from last year. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to set a date for the prohibition of editing and not to redistribute the documents again unnecessarily, but simply close them with a “cross”.

4. Do not rename directory elements and carefully change their settings

Why can't this be done or should it be done very carefully? It must be understood that the changes made will affect the entire period of accounting in the program. For example, if you changed the name of the counterparty, then all printed forms, including earlier documents, will display the new name. To prevent this from happening, in 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 edition 3.0, there is a special “History” link to change the name, where you can specify from which date the new value is valid.

You also need to remember that, for example, changing the settings of the "Cost items" and "Other income and expenses" directories can lead to a change in financial results after the close of the month and data in regulated reports. I talked about one similar situation that happened to my clients in an article. “Why can the data in the reports of closed periods change? ".

5. Regularly update information databases and analyze changes
Updates of 1C programs are currently being released quite often, and they need to be installed consistently, so it is imperative to keep your databases up to date in order to avoid emergency situations during the reporting period. After all, it may turn out that you will urgently need a new reporting form, which come out with enviable regularity, and the neglected situation with updates can be very nerve-wracking. In the event that you work in 1C via the Internet or you have a support agreement with our partners, you will not need to worry about this issue. If you update your databases yourself, then please pay due attention to this serious issue.
It will also be useful to be interested in the results of the last update, because the program constantly has new functions, changing algorithms. To keep abreast of all events, you can go to the "Administration" tab, select the "Support and maintenance" item.

6. Do not duplicate entries in directories, use the 1C: Counterparty service
It happens that, not finding some counterparty in the directory, users add a new one, although in fact the required counterparty has already been entered into the database, but with some errors in the name, TIN or the required fields are simply not filled out. It also happens that counterparties double up when uploading bank statements for the same reasons. In this case, problems begin with the offset of advances, the balance on the 60th and 62nd accounts disperses, there are problems with calculating VAT on advances and paying expenses to get into KUDiR under the simplified tax system. In order to prevent such situations, I recommend using the 1C: Counterparty service, which will automatically fill in all the necessary information correctly, and regularly keep order in your directories.

7. Do not number documents and reference books manually
The program provides certain algorithms for automatic numbering of documents. In the event that you decide to intervene in them, correct some number, for example, by adding a slash or some other characters to it, then be prepared for the fact that in the future you will also have to follow the numbering manually.

8. Enable the display of accounting accounts in the settings
By default, in the program 1C: Enterprise Accounting 8 edition 3.0, the display of accounting accounts in documents is disabled. But I believe that the accountant is obliged to "keep abreast" and constantly monitor the correctness of entering primary documents, not trusting the program to completely fill in such important details as accounting records. Therefore, be sure to turn on the display of accounting accounts in documents and make sure that the materials arrive on the 10th account, and not on the 41st. To do this, go to the "Main" tab, the item "Personal settings".

Check the box "Show accounting records in documents".

9. Correctly use sub-accounts for 60 accounts
I have already talked many times about how important it is to correctly use the advances accounting accounts - 60.02 and 62.02, and how important it is to control the status of mutual settlements on the 60th accounts. Now I decided to make this paragraph a separate rule, which must also be observed. You should not argue with the program, trying to impose your opinion on it that these accounts are not needed, you will still lose in this dispute, having received a mess in accounting in response.
I discussed this question in detail in one of my video tutorials. "How to put things in order on account 60 in 1C programs"

10. Do not change your own chart of accounts
In the event that you decide to add your accounts to the chart of accounts, then you need to be prepared for the fact that this will entail certain difficulties. For example, once I was approached with the following problem: “We decided to put things in order in accounting for fixed assets and added sub-accounts to account 01 in accordance with OS groups, after that depreciation stopped accruing.” When adding sub-accounts to the 20th account, there may be problems with closing the month, and sub-accounts to a number of other accounts will not be included in the balance sheet - the asset and liability will not converge.
Very often, the issue can be resolved in another way without changing the chart of accounts, and if this is still required, then it is necessary to turn to the help of specialists who could assess the consequences and make the necessary changes, ensuring the correct operation of the program.
I also discussed this issue in detail in my article. "Adding your accounts and sub-accounts - is it necessary to do this and what could be the consequences".

11. Minimize manual entries and adjustments
I always urge you to avoid manual operations and adjustments of document movements as much as possible. Currently, accounting in 1C: Accounting 8 is automated quite well and the need for manual postings does not arise so often.
The fact is that it is far from always possible to make the postings correctly on your own, for example, the picture below shows an attempt to manually close advances to the supplier, but the third subconto (“Settlement documents”) is not filled out. Such an adjustment can only aggravate the situation with mutual settlements, and in no way resolve it.

On this topic, I also published a detailed article, which I highly recommend reading: “Manual entries - why does 8 “do not like” them? »

12. Correctly reverse documents
In order to reverse document movements, you need to create a special operation with the “Document reversal” type.

In no case should you simply generate postings manually, because in addition to accounting records, the program reflects information in various registers necessary, for example, to calculate VAT. If you do not reverse the entire document, but correct something manually, then corrections also need to be made for all other registers.

Prompt receipt of information from regulatory authorities on changes in the status of reports and received requests- without leaving the program, it is possible to quickly see the change in the status of the report, quickly learn about its acceptance or return with errors, it is also possible to receive requests from regulatory authorities and immediately respond to them.

It is always easy to find the latest version of the report, which really was sent - this is a very important point! After all, there are situations when, in an attempt to finally collect information in the final report, several copies of one form are created, the data is changed, saved, and then it is very difficult to find the version that was actually sent. And this becomes especially relevant if it is necessary to prepare a corrective document. You have to manually verify the information for a long and tedious time, wasting precious minutes of working time. If you send reports directly from 1C, opposite the desired option it will be indicated that the report has been submitted, a long search is not required.

Let's be friends in

13.04.2017

1C:ERP Formation of postings (Reflection in regulated accounting)

Many users, when starting work in the "1C: ERP" configuration (especially an accountant), ask themselves: "Where are the wires?!"! We hasten to say that smart people work in the 1C company, who had important reasons to do just that, namely, to remove the process of generating postings in the accounting register "Self-supporting" from the general process of conducting the document. Now about everything in order!

Where are my wires? shouted the accountant

The first thing to note is that accounting registers are the slowest in the 1C:Enterprise platform. And since users like to swipe a document once again (or close it with the "OK" button), why delay the transaction? According to the author of the article, precisely because of the low speed of the accounting registers, the number of subcontos is limited to three.
Second! Postings for the purposes of GENERAL accounting do not carry any important information, because all the data is in the accumulation registers and in the information registers, according to which almost all reports are built (with the exception of accounting ones). Thus, having complete information, the wiring can be "drawn" later, and no one will suffer.

Background task for generation of postings

In the configuration, for the purposes of generating transactions in the background, there is a scheduled task named "Reflection of Documents in Reg. Accounting" (Synonym - Reflection of Documents in Reg. Accounting), which calls the method "Regulation Accounting Posting Server. Reflect All Regulations" (information from release 2.2.3.162)

The figures show where in the interface the settings of the scheduled task are located, as well as where to see general information about the reflection of documents in the reg. accounting.

Configuration objects

Now let's list the main configuration objects that affect the process of generating transactions (according to release 2.2.3.162):

Information register: Target Financing Parameters of intangible assets
Information register: Target Funding Parameters of OS
Information register: Order of Reflection of Income
Information register: OrderReflectionNomenclature
Register of information: Order of Reflection of the Nomenclature Transferred to the Commission
Register of information: Order of Reflection of Gift Certificates
Register of information: OrderReflectionProduction
Information register: Order of Reflection of Other Operations
Information register: Order of Reflection of Expenses
Register of information: Order of Reflection of Settlements with Partners
Register of information: Order of Reflection TMCVOperation
Information register: Calculation of differences in the valuation of assets and liabilities
Information register: Methods for Reflecting Depreciation Expenses intangible assets accounting
Information register: Ways of Reflecting Depreciation Expenses OS Accounting
Register of information: Accounts of accounting records of NMA
Register of information: Accounts of accounting OS

The form for setting the data stored in the above registers is available via the "Set up accounting accounts" hyperlink, and has the following form

All of the listed registers have a different structure, but the data in them is responsible for what will be reflected in the accounting registers and, as a result, in the accounting reports (OSV, account card, account analysis, etc.)

Manual posting adjustments in documents

I don’t remember from which version of the 1C: ERP release (it’s already in 2.2.3.162) they implemented the possibility of manually adjusting postings that were generated automatically. This possibility is regulated by a separate option. The screenshots show how to enable this mechanism.

After the program "1C: Accounting 8" is installed on the computer, it is necessary to correctly configure 1C before operation. This requires a certain amount of time to determine the checkmarks in the required places. How exactly you set everything up in the program "1C: Accounting 8" depends on what, in the future, there will be accounting at the enterprise. You need to take the program settings seriously and set all the parameters in accordance with the Accounting policy block in 1C.

Setting accounting parameters in "1C: Accounting", the first step is "Setting up a chart of accounts"

To configure, we find 1C on the desktop, in the "Administration" section, select the "Accounting Settings" block, there are four groups in it:

Setting up a chart of accounts;
Printing articles;
Terms of payment by buyers;
Terms of payment to suppliers;
salary settings;
Planned price type.

When you set the parameters in the program in the "Settings" section, a subconto is selected in the accounting accounts, such as:

Accounting for VAT amounts on acquired valuables;
Cash flow accounting;
Inventory accounting;
Accounting for settlements with personnel;
Accounting for goods in retail;
Cost accounting.

In the first paragraph “Accounting for VAT amounts on acquired valuables”, subcontos are indicated, which:

Can't be changed;
Can be changed (added).

If the checkbox cannot be unchecked in the parameters, it means that this position cannot be changed in this configuration. But there are parameters that have a box on the left side, you can add or uncheck it - this indicates that this parameter is subject to change, but you must remember that it is set in accordance with the accounting policy section in 1C.

For example: in the paragraph "Accounting for VAT amounts on acquired valuables" there are positions that cannot be changed - these are for counterparties and invoices received. And there is an item that can be added by checking the box in it - this is “By accounting methods”.

Remember that if you entered documents into the 1C program before determining the accounting parameters, and then changed or added the parameter, then a message will appear with the following content: “Changing this setting may lead to data loss.” This message will be if this parameter was enabled in the previously entered documents in the 1C program. After such a message, it is advisable to make a backup copy of the program "1C: Accounting 8" edition 3 interface "Taxi" to compare data after changing the parameter.

Data on the subconto are used mainly when generating reports (for example, a balance sheet for an account, analysis of an account, a card account, and others).

Setting up accounting parameters in "1C: Accounting", the second step is "Printing articles"

In this group, you need to set the parameters for specifying additional data on the name in the printed form of the document.

Additional data is reflected in the printed form of the document, for example, in the consignment note in the form of bidding-12, a column with:

SKU;
code.

If the checkboxes are not additionally set, then in the printed form of documents, these columns will be empty.

Setting up accounting parameters in "1C: Accounting", the third step - "Terms of payment by buyers"

Information on the terms of payment by buyers is necessary for:

Management of the enterprise, to take measures to eliminate overdue debts;
Reflection of data in the reporting (for example, "Explanatory note to the balance sheet").

In this group, a period is set at which the debt of buyers is considered overdue, while it is necessary to take into account the terms specified in the concluded contracts.

If the overdue debt is not paid off within 45 days, then it is considered doubtful and it is necessary to create a reserve for doubtful debts for it, provided that this item is indicated in the accounting policy block in 1C.

Setting in "1C: Accounting" accounting parameters, the fourth step - "Terms of payment to suppliers"

Information on the terms of payment to suppliers is also necessary for:

Management of the enterprise, on resolving issues related to the repayment of debts;
Reflections of data in the reporting (for example, "Explanatory note to the balance sheet".

In this group, the term for payment to suppliers is set, after the specified period the debt is considered overdue, provided that another payment term is not specified in the contract.

Setting up accounting parameters in 1C: Accounting, the fifth step is “Salary settings”

At the very beginning, when setting up parameters for payroll and personnel records, it is necessary to determine the main parameter - this is where payroll will be calculated in an external program or in this program.

When setting the sign of accrual in an external program, you must additionally specify the following parameters:

The procedure for accounting for salaries;
Ways of accounting for salaries;
Cost items for insurance premiums.

When establishing a sign of payroll in this program, it is necessary to specify, in addition to the above, such parameters as:

Payroll preparation:

- Automatically recalculate the document "Payroll";

- Keep records of sick leave, vacations and executive documents.

Accruals (list of types);
Retentions (list of types);
Personnel records (abbreviated or full);
Classifiers (insurance premiums, personal income tax).

Editing parameters such as:

Income codes for personal income tax;
Sizes and types of deductions for personal income tax;
The rates of insurance premiums;
And others

is not installed in the 1C program, the data on them change in accordance with the current legislation and are loaded into the database when updating the configuration.

Setting in "1C: Accounting" accounting parameters, the sixth step - "Type of planned prices"

Specify the planned price to be used in production documents:

Purchasing;
Wholesale;
Retail.

Setting "1C: Accounting", the seventh step - in the "Main" menu

The 1C Enterprise setting in the Main menu is divided into five groups:

Functionality;
Organizations;
Accounting policy;
Chart of accounts;
Personal settings.

If the enterprise will be engaged in several or one type of activity, then it will be more convenient for work to limit functionality.

If the enterprise is going to develop and include new types of activities, then it is better to include the full functionality of the program in order not to look for a disabled block of documents in the future.

The accounting policy of the organization in 1C is located in the "1C Settings" section, first of all it is set:

period of application;
Taxation system (general or simplified).

When choosing the system of taxation of the enterprise "General", bookmarks are opened for filling:

income tax;
UTII;
Stocks;
Expenses;
reserves;
Bank and cashier.

On each tab, those parameters are set that are valid at the enterprise in accordance with the types of activities and the specifics of the enterprise.

When you select the "Simplified" taxation system, tabs are opened for filling:

UTII;
Stocks;
Expenses;
reserves;
Bank and cashier.

Errors found later when working in the 1C: Accounting 8 program will indicate that the parameters are configured and determined incorrectly.

Setting up accounting parameters in 1C 8.3 is one of the first steps that you must take before you begin full-fledged work in the program. It is on them that the correct operation of your program, the availability of various functionality and accounting rules depend.

Starting from the version of the program 1C: Accounting 3.0.43.162, the interface for setting accounting parameters has changed. Also, some parameters began to be configured separately.

Go to the "Administration" menu and select "Accounting Settings".

This section of settings consists of six items. Next, we will look at each of them. All of them allow you to influence the composition of the subconto for certain accounts and subaccounts.

Initially, we already have flags set in two items that are not subject to editing. You can also enable additional accounting methods.

This setting was also completed. It is impossible not to use the “By nomenclature” item, but the rest of the settings can be edited if necessary. The list of accounts and subcontos affected by these settings is shown in the figure below.

Here, subconto 41.12 and 42.02 accounts are managed. By default, only warehouse accounting was set. It is predefined and we cannot edit it. In addition, this type of accounting can be kept according to the nomenclature and VAT rates.

Cash flow accounting

This type of accounting will necessarily be conducted according to the r / s. It is also recommended to additionally take into account in 1C 8.3 the movements of DS according to their articles for additional management accounting analytics.

You can keep records of this type of calculation both for employees as a whole and for each separately. These settings have a direct impact on subcontos 70, 76.04 and 97.01 of accounts.

Accounting for expenses will necessarily be carried out by item groups. If you have a need to prepare audited financial statements in IFRS, it is also desirable to keep records by cost elements and items.

Salary settings

To go to this package of settings, you need to follow the hyperlink of the same name in the form of accounting parameters. Many settings here should be left as default, but you still have a lot of room for action.

General settings

For completeness of the example, we note that payroll and personnel records will be maintained in this program. Of course, there are limitations here, but if there are not many employees in the staff of your organization, then the functionality of 1C: Accounting will be quite enough.

You will see a list of settings for each organization that is accounted for in the program. Let's open the setting for Konfetprom LLC.

Here you can specify how wages will be reflected in the BU, the timing of its payment, vacation reserves and any special territorial conditions.

Let's go back and follow another hyperlink.

Among other things, you can also change the ordering of the list of employees in documents and customize print forms.

Allows you to set up lists of types of accruals and deductions. Initially, they are already filled with some data.

Also, in this section 1C, you can enable the availability of the functionality of sick leave, vacations and executive documents. The setting is available only if there are no organizations with more than 60 employees in the database.

The last setting is very useful, since when editing, all its amounts will be recalculated automatically.

This section is necessary in order to indicate the methods for allocating labor costs and mandatory insurance premiums with a payroll to accounting accounts. Initially, these settings are already filled in, but, of course, you can adjust them.

Personnel Accounting and Classifiers

It makes no sense to describe these last two sections in detail, since everything is intuitively clear here. Classifiers are already filled in and often leave these settings untouched.

Other settings

Let's go back to the accounting parameters form and briefly review the remaining settings.

Terms of payment by suppliers and buyers determine after how many days the buyer's debt to us will be considered overdue.
Printing of articles- setting their presentation in printed forms.
Filling in prices sale allows you to set from where the price will be substituted in the relevant documents.
Planned price type affects the substitution of prices in documents related to production.

Some of these 1C 8.3 settings were previously made in the accounting parameters. Now they are placed in a separate interface. You can also find it in the main menu.

The configuration form is shown in the figure below. Here, by going through the sections, you can set up income tax, VAT and other data.

Setting up correspondence accounts in 1s 8.3. Setting up correct account correspondences